Strength and Endurance Training in Older Women in Relation to ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D Polymorphisms.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of two genetic polymorphisms, ACTN3R577X, and ACE I/D, on physical condition in a sample of active older women after a two-year training period. The sample was composed of 300 healthy women over the age of 60 who underwent a two-year training program. Adapted tests from the Senior Fitness Test were used. The genotyping of the polymorphisms was obtained from the participants' DNA via buccal swabs. The analysis of the ACE polymorphism did not reveal differences between genotypes. The analysis of the R577X polymorphism showed a favorable effect for the ACTN3 XX genotype in tests for leg strength (p: 0.001) after training, compared to the other genotypes, and also in the analysis of the combined effect of the polymorphism (ACE II + ACTN3 RX/XX). The intragroup effect revealed an improvement in arm strength for carriers of the X allele after 24 months of training (p < 0.05). The endurance values significantly worsened in all study groups. Conclusions: The R577X polymorphism of ACTN3 may have an important role in capacities related to muscle strength, providing a beneficial effect for carriers of the X allele.

[Sarcopenic obesity in elderly women: influence of I/D polymorphism of the angiotension converter enzyme]. / Obesidad sarcopénica en mujeres mayores: influencia del polimorfismo I/D de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina.

INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a term that refers to an increase of fat mass together with a decrease of muscle mass, which is suffered by a high percentage of elderly population. Physical activity seems to be a good strategy to prevent it getting worse. However, genetic factors related to the aging process and to elderly's physical fitness could have an influence on it. AIM: To determine if elderly women > 60 who practice physical activity regularly had differences in sarcopenic obesity according to the I/D polymorphism from the ACE (angiotensin converter enzyme) gen. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 300 elderly women who have practiced physical exercise at least twice a week for the past two years. Anthropometric data, physical activity and sedentary behaviour questionnaire, sarcopenic obesity (determining the percentage of fat mass and total muscle mass by electrical impedance and grouping the quintiles of these values into four groups) and physical fitness assessment, as well as ACE gen genotype measured by oral mucosa sample, were evaluated. RESULTS: There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in sarcopenic obesity according to ACE I/D genotype (SO values: 2.18 ACE DD vs 2.48 ACE II + ACE ID). CONCLUSIONS: Women who were ACE DD presented lower risk of sarcopenic obesity than those in the ACE II and ACE ID groups.

Obesidad sarcopénica en mujeres mayores: influencia del polimorfismo I/D de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina / Sarcopenic obesity in elderly women: influence of I/D polymorphism of the angiotension converter enzyme

Introducción: la obesidad sarcopénica (OS) es un término que relaciona el aumento de la masa grasa con la disminución de la masa muscular y que afecta a un importante porcentaje de población mayor. La falta de ejercicio regular y factores genéticos relacionados con el envejecimiento y la condición física podrían influir en su aparición. Objetivo: determinar si las mujeres mayores de 60 años que practican de forma continuada ejercicio físico presentan diferencias en la obesidad sarcopénica en función del polimorfismo I/D del gen de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ACE). Métodos: estudio transversal de 300 mujeres mayores que realizaban ejercicio físico al menos dos veces a la semana en los últimos dos años. Se tomaron datos de medidas antropométricas, cuestionario de comportamiento actividad-sedentarismo, evaluación de la obesidad sarcopénica (a través de la determinación del porcentaje de masa grasa y masa muscular total mediante impedancia eléctrica y la agrupación de los quintiles de estos valores en cuatro grupos), evaluación de la condición física y genotipado del gen ACE mediante extracción de ADN de mucosa oral. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas en la obesidad sarcopénica en función del genotipo I/D de ACE. Las mujeres del grupo ACE DD presentaron menor riesgo de padecer obesidad sarcopénica que aquellas con genotipo ACE II y ACE ID (valores OS: 2.18 genotipo ACE DD frente a 2.48 genotipo ACE II + ACE ID; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: las mujeres mayores de 60 años con genotipo ACE DD que practican ejercicio regularmente presentan menor riesgo de padecer obesidad sarcopénica (AU)

Introduction: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a term that refers to an increase of fat mass together with a decrease of muscle mass, which is suffered by a high percentage of elderly population. Physical activity seems to be a good strategy to prevent it getting worse. However, genetic factors related to the aging process and to elderly's physical fitness could have an influence on it. Aim: To determine if elderly women > 60 who practice physical activity regularly had differences in sarcopenic obesity according to the I/D polymorphism from the ACE (angiotensin converter enzyme) gen. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 300 elderly women who have practiced physical exercise at least twice a week for the past two years. Anthropometric data, physical activity and sedentary behaviour questionnaire, sarcopenic obesity (determining the percentage of fat mass and total muscle mass by electrical impedance and grouping the quintiles of these values into four groups) and physical fitness assessment, as well as ACE gen genotype measured by oral mucosa sample, were evaluated. Results: There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in sarcopenic obesity according to ACE I/D genotype (SO values: 2.18 ACE DD vs 2.48 ACE II + ACE ID). Conclusions: Women who were ACE DD presented lower risk of sarcopenic obesity than those in the ACE II and ACE ID groups (AU)